{"section":{"filename":"s2016.html","chapter":"2000","section_number":"2016","title":"Fraud, Inequitable Conduct, or Violation of Duty of Disclosure Affects All Claims","revision_tag":"R-08.2017","bytes":25692,"sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e","subsection_count":0,"max_depth":0,"subsections":[]},"quality":"structured","cited_authorities":{"file_section":"2016","cases":[{"key":"case:747f.2d1553","slug":"j-p-stevens-co-v-lex-tex-ltd","short_name":"J. P. Stevens & Co. v. Lex Tex Ltd.","canonical_citation":"J. P. Stevens & Co. v. Lex Tex Ltd., 747 F.2d 1553, 223 USPQ 1089 (Fed. Cir. 1984)","decision_year":1984,"court":"Fed. Cir.","holding_summary":"Once inequitable conduct is found, all claims of the patent — not just those directly connected to the misconduct — are unenforceable, because inequitable conduct goes to the patent right as a whole.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":3,"propositions":[]},{"key":"case:542f.supp.933","slug":"gemveto-jewelry-co-v-lambert-bros-inc","short_name":"Gemveto Jewelry Co. v. Lambert Bros., Inc.","canonical_citation":"Gemveto Jewelry Co. v. Lambert Bros., Inc., 542 F. Supp. 933, 216 USPQ 976 (S.D.N.Y. 1982)","decision_year":1982,"court":"S.D.N.Y.","holding_summary":"A patent may be held invalid or unenforceable where the patentee's foreign counsel failed to disclose to U.S. counsel or the Office material prior art cited by a foreign patent office in a corresponding foreign application; the duty of candor extends to such information.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":2,"propositions":[]},{"key":"case:649f.3d1276","slug":"therasense-inc-v-becton-dickinson-co","short_name":"Therasense, Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co.","canonical_citation":"Therasense, Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co., 649 F.3d 1276, 99 USPQ2d 1065 (Fed. Cir. 2011)","decision_year":2011,"court":"Fed. Cir.","holding_summary":"Inequitable conduct requires but-for materiality of the withheld or misrepresented information, and a finding of inequitable conduct with respect to any claim renders all claims of the patent unenforceable.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":[]},{"key":"case:339f.supp.859","slug":"chromalloy-american-corp-v-alloy-surfaces-co","short_name":"Chromalloy American Corp. v. Alloy Surfaces Co.","canonical_citation":"Chromalloy American Corp. v. Alloy Surfaces Co., 339 F. Supp. 859, 173 USPQ 295 (D. Del. 1972)","decision_year":1972,"court":"D. Del.","holding_summary":"Fraud or inequitable conduct affecting only certain claims, or one of several related patents or applications, renders all the claims and related patents unpatentable or unenforceable; intervening documents in continuation-in-part practice may likewise constitute material information.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":[]},{"key":"case:305f.supp.1084","slug":"strong-v-general-electric-co","short_name":"Strong v. General Electric Co.","canonical_citation":"Strong v. General Electric Co., 305 F. Supp. 1084, 162 USPQ 141 (N.D. Ga. 1969)","decision_year":1969,"court":"N.D. Ga.","holding_summary":"Fraud or inequitable conduct affecting only certain claims, or only one of several related patents, renders the other claims or the related patent unenforceable as well; a violation of the duty of disclosure taints all claims.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":[]},{"key":"case:522f.2d623","slug":"in-re-clark-1975","short_name":"In re Clark","canonical_citation":"In re Clark, 522 F.2d 623, 187 USPQ 209 (CCPA 1975)","decision_year":1975,"court":"CCPA","holding_summary":"Fraud or inequitable conduct cannot be purged through reissue; reissue is unavailable to rescue a patentee whose failure to disclose prior art has invalidated the claims, and inequitable conduct goes to the patent right as a whole, independently of particular claims.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":[]},{"key":"case:540f.2d601","slug":"in-re-multiple-litigation-involving-frost-patent","short_name":"In re Multiple Litigation Involving Frost Patent","canonical_citation":"In re Multiple Litigation Involving Frost Patent, 540 F.2d 601, 191 USPQ 241 (3rd Cir. 1976)","decision_year":1976,"court":"3d Cir.","holding_summary":"Some patent claims may be upheld despite nondisclosure of prior art with respect to other claims—a Third Circuit approach that the Federal Circuit has noted is not precedent binding on it.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":[]}],"statutes":[],"cross_references":[],"form_paragraphs":[]},"structured_data":{"nodes":[{"id":"se_hwiys32p","node_type":"section","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/se_hwiys32p","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196894","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"},"akn_urn":"/akn/us/statement/manual/uspto/2024/mpep/eng@2024-02-29!sec_2016","canonical_url":"https://mpep.io/akn/us/statement/manual/uspto/2024/mpep/eng@2024-02-29!sec_2016","section_number":"2016","chapter":"2000","depth":0,"title":"Fraud, Inequitable Conduct, or Violation of Duty of Disclosure Affects All Claims","revision_tag":"R-08.2017","children_ids":["pb_gfbjibvf","nq_vo3ses2g","pb_clf5ygah","nq_4ci3nqcp","pb_e2k5b2eq","nq_kteqodup"]},{"id":"pb_gfbjibvf","node_type":"prose_block","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_gfbjibvf","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e196902\">A finding of “fraud,” “inequitable conduct,” or violation of duty of disclosure with respect to any claim in an application or patent, renders all the claims thereof unpatentable or invalid. See <i>Therasense Inc. v. Becton Dickinson and Co</i>., 649 F.3d 1276, 1288, 99 USPQ2d 1065, 1071 (Fed. Cir. 2011), <i>Chromalloy American Corp. v. Alloy Surfaces Co.</i>, 339 F. Supp. 859, 173 USPQ 295 (D.Del. 1972) and <i>Strong v. General Electric Co.</i>, 305 F. Supp. 1084, 162 USPQ 141 (N.D. Ga. 1969), <i>aff’d</i>, 434 F.2d 1042, 168 USPQ 8 (5th Cir. 1970), <i>cert. denied,</i> 403 U.S. 906 (1971). In <i>J. P. Stevens &amp; Co. v. Lex Tex Ltd.,</i> 747 F.2d 1553, 1561, 223 USPQ 1089, 1093-94 (Fed. Cir. 1984), the court stated:</p>","rendered_text_plain":"A finding of “fraud,” “inequitable conduct,” or violation of duty of disclosure with respect to any claim in an application or patent, renders all the claims thereof unpatentable or invalid. See Therasense Inc. v. Becton Dickinson and Co., 649 F.3d 1276, 1288, 99 USPQ2d 1065, 1071 (Fed. Cir. 2011), Chromalloy American Corp. v. Alloy Surfaces Co., 339 F. Supp. 859, 173 USPQ 295 (D.Del. 1972) and Strong v. General Electric Co., 305 F. Supp. 1084, 162 USPQ 141 (N.D. Ga. 1969), aff’d, 434 F.2d 1042, 168 USPQ 8 (5th Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 403 U.S. 906 (1971). In J. P. Stevens & Co. v. Lex Tex Ltd., 747 F.2d 1553, 1561, 223 USPQ 1089, 1093-94 (Fed. Cir. 1984), the court stated:","provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196902","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_hwiys32p"},{"id":"nq_vo3ses2g","node_type":"narrative_quote","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/nq_vo3ses2g","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"<blockquote id=\"d0e196920\"><p id=\"d0e196921\">Once a court concludes that inequitable conduct occurred, all the claims — not just the particular claims in which the inequitable conduct is directly connected — are unenforceable. See <i>generally</i>, cases collected in 4 Chisum, PATENTS, paragraph 19.03[6] at 19-85 n. 10 (1984). Inequitable conduct “goes to the patent right as a whole, independently of particular claims.” <i> In re Clark,</i> 522 F.2d 623, 626, 187 USPQ 209, 212 (CCPA).</p></blockquote>","rendered_text_plain":"Once a court concludes that inequitable conduct occurred, all the claims — not just the particular claims in which the inequitable conduct is directly connected — are unenforceable. See generally, cases collected in 4 Chisum, PATENTS, paragraph 19.03[6] at 19-85 n. 10 (1984). Inequitable conduct “goes to the patent right as a whole, independently of particular claims.” In re Clark, 522 F.2d 623, 626, 187 USPQ 209, 212 (CCPA).","provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196920","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"},"source_anchor":"d0e196920","host_section_id":"se_hwiys32p","source_case_id":"cs_evvvogen"},{"id":"pb_clf5ygah","node_type":"prose_block","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_clf5ygah","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e196936\"> The court noted in footnote 8 of <i>Stevens:</i></p>","rendered_text_plain":"The court noted in footnote 8 of Stevens:","provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196936","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_hwiys32p"},{"id":"nq_4ci3nqcp","node_type":"narrative_quote","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/nq_4ci3nqcp","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"<blockquote id=\"d0e196941\"><p id=\"d0e196942\">In <i>In re Multiple Litigation Involving Frost Patent</i>, 540 F.2d 601, 611, 191 USPQ 241, 249 (3rd. Cir. 1976), some claims were upheld despite nondisclosure with respect to others. The case is not precedent in this court.</p></blockquote>","rendered_text_plain":"In In re Multiple Litigation Involving Frost Patent, 540 F.2d 601, 611, 191 USPQ 241, 249 (3rd. Cir. 1976), some claims were upheld despite nondisclosure with respect to others. The case is not precedent in this court.","provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196941","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"},"source_anchor":"d0e196941","host_section_id":"se_hwiys32p","source_case_id":"cs_evvvogen"},{"id":"pb_e2k5b2eq","node_type":"prose_block","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_e2k5b2eq","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e196951\">As stated in <i>Gemveto Jewelry Co.</i><i>v. Lambert Bros., Inc.</i>, 542 F. Supp. 933, 943, 216 USPQ 976, 984 (S. D. N. Y. 1984) (quoting Patent Law Perspectives, 1977 Developments, § G.1 [1]-189): </p>","rendered_text_plain":"As stated in Gemveto Jewelry Co.v. Lambert Bros., Inc., 542 F. Supp. 933, 943, 216 USPQ 976, 984 (S. D. N. Y. 1984) (quoting Patent Law Perspectives, 1977 Developments, § G.1 [1]-189):","provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196951","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_hwiys32p"},{"id":"nq_kteqodup","node_type":"narrative_quote","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/nq_kteqodup","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"<blockquote id=\"d0e196960\"><p id=\"d0e196961\">The gravamen of the fraud defense is that the patentee has failed to discharge his duty of dealing with the examiner in a manner free from the taint of “fraud or other inequitable conduct.” If such conduct is established in connection with the prosecution of a patent, the fact that the lack of candor did not directly affect <i>all</i> the claims in the patent has never been the governing principle. It is the inequitable conduct that generates the unenforceability of the patent and we cannot think of cases where a patentee partially escaped the consequences of his wrongful acts by arguing that he only committed acts of omission or commission with respect to a limited number of claims. It is an all or nothing proposition. [Emphasis in original.]</p></blockquote>","rendered_text_plain":"The gravamen of the fraud defense is that the patentee has failed to discharge his duty of dealing with the examiner in a manner free from the taint of “fraud or other inequitable conduct.” If such conduct is established in connection with the prosecution of a patent, the fact that the lack of candor did not directly affect all the claims in the patent has never been the governing principle. It is the inequitable conduct that generates the unenforceability of the patent and we cannot think of cases where a patentee partially escaped the consequences of his wrongful acts by arguing that he only committed acts of omission or commission with respect to a limited number of claims. It is an all or nothing proposition. [Emphasis in original.]","provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196960","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"},"source_anchor":"d0e196960","host_section_id":"se_hwiys32p","source_case_id":"cs_hkms5xwt"},{"id":"cs_4ccwlkgf","node_type":"case","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/cs_4ccwlkgf","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-08.2017","end_revision":null},"rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"Therasense Inc. v. Becton Dickinson and Co., 649 F.3d 1276 (Fed. 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Lambert Bros., Inc., 542 F. Supp. 933, 943, 216 USPQ 976, 984 (S.D.N.Y. 1984)","source_offset":{"start":13,"end":54},"pincite":"943"},"provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196951","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"}},{"id":"e_jsvnz3wj","edge_type":"quotes-from","source_id":"nq_vo3ses2g","target_id":"cs_evvvogen","properties":{"quoted_text":"Once a court concludes that inequitable conduct occurred, all the claims — not just the particular claims in which the inequitable conduct is directly connected — are unenforceable. See generally, cases collected in 4 Chisum, PATENTS, paragraph 19.03[6] at 19-85 n. 10 (1984). Inequitable conduct “goes to the patent right as a whole, independently of particular claims.” In re Clark, 522 F.2d 623, 626, 187 USPQ 209, 212 (CCPA).","quoted_text_sha256":"045616a81d55394cf569640c4a9b80e11ceb18fe33184229af78308073cc8d0d","source_offset":{"start":0,"end":429}},"provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196920","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"}},{"id":"e_xfecgswn","edge_type":"quotes-from","source_id":"nq_4ci3nqcp","target_id":"cs_evvvogen","properties":{"quoted_text":"In In re Multiple Litigation Involving Frost Patent, 540 F.2d 601, 611, 191 USPQ 241, 249 (3rd. Cir. 1976), some claims were upheld despite nondisclosure with respect to others. The case is not precedent in this court.","quoted_text_sha256":"5f6cec8e660fcaad72d066af0d7dc72f2afbf59355a88e93f13b0d48f696ba27","source_offset":{"start":0,"end":218}},"provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196941","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"}},{"id":"e_tovwlvhu","edge_type":"quotes-from","source_id":"nq_kteqodup","target_id":"cs_hkms5xwt","properties":{"quoted_text":"The gravamen of the fraud defense is that the patentee has failed to discharge his duty of dealing with the examiner in a manner free from the taint of “fraud or other inequitable conduct.” If such conduct is established in connection with the prosecution of a patent, the fact that the lack of candor did not directly affect all the claims in the patent has never been the governing principle. It is the inequitable conduct that generates the unenforceability of the patent and we cannot think of cases where a patentee partially escaped the consequences of his wrongful acts by arguing that he only committed acts of omission or commission with respect to a limited number of claims. It is an all or nothing proposition. [Emphasis in original.]","quoted_text_sha256":"e35853a633617b32edec5c27e2f5555afdbf318f4d7b766c19aa952097364123","source_offset":{"start":0,"end":746}},"provenance":{"source_file":"s2016.html","source_anchor":"d0e196960","source_sha256":"3ee9741ddc30467641363af048bda54faf7bc7d8775a626317c0991172e2ff3e"}}]}}