{"section":{"filename":"s2127.html","chapter":"2100","section_number":"2127","title":"Domestic and Foreign Patent Applications as Prior Art","revision_tag":"R-01.2024","bytes":71955,"sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1","subsection_count":0,"max_depth":0,"subsections":[]},"quality":"structured","cited_authorities":{"file_section":"2127","cases":[{"key":"case:376f.2d982","slug":"in-re-lund","short_name":"In re Lund","canonical_citation":"In re Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967)","decision_year":1967,"court":"CCPA","holding_summary":"Subject matter canceled from a parent application and not carried into the continuation-in-part cannot be relied on in a pre-AIA 102(e) rejection as of either filing date; canceled matter becomes prior art only when the application file becomes publicly available.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":2,"propositions":["canceled subject matter not carried into a CIP cannot anchor a 102(e) rejection"]},{"key":"case:655f.2d221","slug":"in-re-wyer","short_name":"In re Wyer","canonical_citation":"In re Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981)","decision_year":1981,"court":"CCPA","holding_summary":"A reference is a printed publication if it has been disseminated or otherwise made accessible such that interested persons of ordinary skill, exercising reasonable diligence, can locate it; a laid-open foreign application announced in an official journal and available for inspection or copying qualifies.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":2,"propositions":["a laid-open application announced in an official journal and copyable is a printed publication"]},{"key":"case:577f.2d610","slug":"lee-pharmaceutical-v-kreps","short_name":"Lee Pharmaceutical v. Kreps","canonical_citation":"Lee Pharmaceutical v. Kreps, 577 F.2d 610, 198 USPQ 601 (9th Cir. 1978)","decision_year":1978,"court":"9th Cir.","holding_summary":"An abandoned patent application may become prior art only when it has been appropriately disclosed to the public, such as by being referenced in another patent's disclosure, in a publication, or by voluntary disclosure.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":["abandoned application is prior art only when appropriately disclosed"]},{"key":"case:154uspq52","slug":"ex-parte-stalego","short_name":"Ex parte Stalego","canonical_citation":"Ex parte Stalego, 154 USPQ 52 (Bd. App. 1966)","decision_year":1966,"court":"BPAI","holding_summary":"Matter canceled from the application file of a patent or application publication is not part of the reference and cannot be relied upon in a rejection based on the reference's filing date; canceled matter becomes prior art only when the file history becomes publicly available.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":["canceled matter is prior art only as of the date the file history becomes public"]},{"key":"case:445f.3d1374","slug":"bruckelmyer-v-ground-heaters-inc","short_name":"Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc.","canonical_citation":"Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc., 445 F.3d 1374, 78 USPQ2d 1684 (Fed. Cir. 2006)","decision_year":2006,"court":"Fed. Cir.","holding_summary":"Figures canceled from a foreign patent application before issuance were available as prior art as of the date the application became publicly accessible for inspection; the printed publication bar prevents withdrawal of what is already in the public's possession.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":["figures canceled before issuance are prior art once the application became publicly accessible"]},{"key":"case:103uspq332","slug":"ex-parte-haller","short_name":"Ex parte Haller","canonical_citation":"Ex parte Haller, 103 USPQ 332 (Bd. App. 1953)","decision_year":1953,"court":"BPAI","holding_summary":"Laid-open patent applications are not \"published\" and therefore cannot constitute printed-publication prior art—a board holding in tension with the accessibility-based test for publication.","holding_confidence":"high","mentions":1,"propositions":["a board decision holding laid-open applications are not published and not prior art"]}],"statutes":[{"key":"us_usc:35:102","slug":"35-usc-102","canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 102","mentions":18},{"key":"us_cfr:37:1.14","slug":"37-cfr-1-14","canonical_citation":"37 CFR 1.14","mentions":3},{"key":"us_usc:35:103","slug":"35-usc-103","canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 103","mentions":2},{"key":"us_cfr:37:1.139","slug":"37-cfr-1-139","canonical_citation":"37 CFR 1.139","mentions":1},{"key":"us_usc:35:119","slug":"35-usc-119","canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 119","mentions":1},{"key":"us_usc:35:120","slug":"35-usc-120","canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 120","mentions":1},{"key":"us_usc:35:122","slug":"35-usc-122","canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 122","mentions":1},{"key":"us_cfr:37:1.11","slug":"37-cfr-1-11","canonical_citation":"37 CFR 1.11","mentions":1}],"cross_references":[{"key":"mpep:804","section_number":"804","title":"Definition of Double Patenting","exists":true,"mentions":2},{"key":"mpep:901","section_number":"901","title":"Prior Art","exists":true,"mentions":2},{"key":"mpep:2120","section_number":"2120","title":"Rejection on Prior Art","exists":true,"mentions":1},{"key":"mpep:2136","section_number":"2136","title":"Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)","exists":true,"mentions":4},{"key":"mpep:2146","section_number":"2146","title":"Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 103(c)","exists":true,"mentions":1},{"key":"mpep:2154","section_number":"2154","title":"Provisions Pertaining to Subject Matter in a U.S. Patent or Application Effectively Filed Before the Effective Filing Date of the Claimed Invention","exists":true,"mentions":4}],"form_paragraphs":[]},"structured_data":{"nodes":[{"id":"pb_3d7t53ta","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b>I.</b><b> ABANDONED APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING PROVISIONAL APPLICATIONS</b>","rendered_text_plain":"I. ABANDONED APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING PROVISIONAL APPLICATIONS","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.0","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_3d7t53ta","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"I. ABANDONED APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING PROVISIONAL APPLICATIONS"},{"id":"pb_lksvg3by","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b>Abandoned Applications Disclosed to the Public Can Be Used as Prior Art</b>","rendered_text_plain":"Abandoned Applications Disclosed to the Public Can Be Used as Prior Art","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.2","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_lksvg3by","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"Abandoned Applications Disclosed to the Public Can Be Used as Prior Art"},{"id":"pb_qoqidtdf","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e202386\">“An abandoned patent application may become evidence of prior art\n                        only when it has been appropriately disclosed, as, for example, when the abandoned\n                        patent [application] is reference[d] in the disclosure of another patent, in a\n                        publication, or by voluntary disclosure under [former Defensive Publication rule]\n                        <b><a href=\"mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e324067\">37&nbsp;CFR\n                              1.139</a></b> [Reserved].” <i>Lee Pharmaceutical v.\n                           Kreps,</i> 577&nbsp;F.2d 610, 613, 198 USPQ 601, 605 (9th Cir. 1978). An\n                        abandoned patent application becomes available as prior art only as of the date the\n                        public gains access to it. See <b><a href=\"mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e314245\">37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(ii)</a></b> and\n                        <b><a href=\"mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e314245\">(iv)</a></b>. However, the subject matter of an abandoned application,\n                        including both provisional and nonprovisional applications, referred to in a prior\n                        art U.S. patent or U.S. patent application publication may be relied on in a\n                        <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_315\">35\n                              U.S.C. 102(a)(2)</a></b> or <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)</a></b>\n                        rejection based on that patent or patent application publication if the disclosure of\n                        the abandoned application is actually included or incorporated by reference in the\n                        patent or patent application publication. Compare <i>In re Lund,</i>\n                        376&nbsp;F.2d 982, 991, 153 USPQ 625, 633 (CCPA 1967) (The court reversed a rejection over\n                        a patent which was a continuation-in-part of an abandoned application. Applicant’s\n                        filing date preceded the issue date of the patent reference. The abandoned\n                        application contained subject matter which was essential to the rejection but which\n                        was not carried over into the continuation-in-part. The court held that the subject\n                        matter embodied in the canceled example 2 could not be relied on as of either parent\n                        or child filing date. Thus, the use of example 2 subject matter to reject the claims\n                        under <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407\">pre-AIA 35\n                              U.S.C. 102(e)</a></b> was improper.). See also <b><a href=\"s901.html#d0e110072\">MPEP § 901.02</a></b>. See\n                        <b><a href=\"s2136.html#d0e205829\">MPEP\n                              § 2136.02</a></b> and <b><a href=\"s2136.html#d0e205924\">MPEP § 2136.03</a></b> for the\n                        <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">35 U.S.C.\n                              102(e)</a></b> date of a U.S. patent claiming priority under\n                        <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302921\">35 U.S.C.\n                              119</a></b> or <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p\">35 U.S.C. 120</a></b>. See\n                        <b><a href=\"s2154.html#ch2100_d20033_274f5_338\">MPEP\n                              § 2154</a></b> for prior art under <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_315\">35 U.S.C.\n                              102(a)(2)</a></b>.</p>","rendered_text_plain":"“An abandoned patent application may become evidence of prior art only when it has been appropriately disclosed, as, for example, when the abandoned patent [application] is reference[d] in the disclosure of another patent, in a publication, or by voluntary disclosure under [former Defensive Publication rule] 37 CFR 1.139 [Reserved].” Lee Pharmaceutical v. Kreps, 577 F.2d 610, 613, 198 USPQ 601, 605 (9th Cir. 1978). An abandoned patent application becomes available as prior art only as of the date the public gains access to it. See 37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(ii) and (iv). However, the subject matter of an abandoned application, including both provisional and nonprovisional applications, referred to in a prior art U.S. patent or U.S. patent application publication may be relied on in a 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) rejection based on that patent or patent application publication if the disclosure of the abandoned application is actually included or incorporated by reference in the patent or patent application publication. Compare In re Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 991, 153 USPQ 625, 633 (CCPA 1967) (The court reversed a rejection over a patent which was a continuation-in-part of an abandoned application. Applicant’s filing date preceded the issue date of the patent reference. The abandoned application contained subject matter which was essential to the rejection but which was not carried over into the continuation-in-part. The court held that the subject matter embodied in the canceled example 2 could not be relied on as of either parent or child filing date. Thus, the use of example 2 subject matter to reject the claims under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) was improper.). See also MPEP § 901.02. See MPEP § 2136.02 and MPEP § 2136.03 for the 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date of a U.S. patent claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 or 35 U.S.C. 120. See MPEP § 2154 for prior art under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2).","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202386","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_qoqidtdf","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_vez5oauj","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_cfr","authority_title_num":"37","authority_section_num":"1.139","subsection_path":[],"canonical_citation":"37 CFR 1.139","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_vez5oauj","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"cs_3nuj5gcs","node_type":"case","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"Lee Pharmaceutical v. Kreps, 577 F.2d 610, 198 USPQ 601 (9th Cir. 1978)","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"short_name":"Lee Pharmaceutical v. Kreps","canonical_citation":"Lee Pharmaceutical v. Kreps, 577 F.2d 610, 198 USPQ 601 (9th Cir. 1978)","all_citations":["577 F.2d 610","198 USPQ 601"],"decision_year":1978,"court":"9th Cir.","holding_summary":null,"holding_reviewer":null,"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/cs_3nuj5gcs","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_s32jlgy2","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_cfr","authority_title_num":"37","authority_section_num":"1.14","subsection_path":["a","1","ii"],"canonical_citation":"37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(ii)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_s32jlgy2","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_jm6e4kce","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_cfr","authority_title_num":"37","authority_section_num":"1.14","subsection_path":["a","1","iv"],"canonical_citation":"37 CFR 1.14(a)(1)(iv)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_jm6e4kce","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_4ey262xg","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"102","subsection_path":["a","2"],"canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_4ey262xg","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_wlxutmxo","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"102","subsection_path":["e"],"canonical_citation":"pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_wlxutmxo","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"cs_4frm3y5p","node_type":"case","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"In re Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967)","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"short_name":"In re Lund","canonical_citation":"In re Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967)","all_citations":["376 F.2d 982","153 USPQ 625"],"decision_year":1967,"court":"CCPA","holding_summary":null,"holding_reviewer":null,"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/cs_4frm3y5p","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"se_kkf4fus3","node_type":"section","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"stub-901","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"akn_urn":"/akn/us/statement/manual/uspto/2024/mpep/eng@2024-02-29!sec_901","canonical_url":"https://mpep.io/akn/us/statement/manual/uspto/2024/mpep/eng@2024-02-29!sec_901","section_number":"901","chapter":"900","depth":0,"title":"Section 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2136","children_ids":[],"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/se_5nfpmin5","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_fckaoll6","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"119","subsection_path":[],"canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 119","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_fckaoll6","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_6s3e3nro","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"120","subsection_path":[],"canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 120","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_6s3e3nro","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"se_3lfb655n","node_type":"section","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"stub-2154","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"akn_urn":"/akn/us/statement/manual/uspto/2024/mpep/eng@2024-02-29!sec_2154","canonical_url":"https://mpep.io/akn/us/statement/manual/uspto/2024/mpep/eng@2024-02-29!sec_2154","section_number":"2154","chapter":"2100","depth":0,"title":"Section 2154","children_ids":[],"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/se_3lfb655n","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"pb_uujiagys","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b>II.</b><b> APPLICATIONS WHICH HAVE ISSUED AS PATENTS</b>","rendered_text_plain":"II. APPLICATIONS WHICH HAVE ISSUED AS PATENTS","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.3","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_uujiagys","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"II. APPLICATIONS WHICH HAVE ISSUED AS PATENTS"},{"id":"pb_ghtdlw7y","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b><i>A.</i></b><b><i> A 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) Rejection Cannot Rely\n                           on Matter Which Was Canceled from the Application and Thus Did Not Get\n                           Published in the Issued Patent or Application Publication</i></b>","rendered_text_plain":"A. A 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) Rejection Cannot Rely on Matter Which Was Canceled from the Application and Thus Did Not Get Published in the Issued Patent or Application Publication","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.5","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_ghtdlw7y","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"A. A 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) Rejection Cannot Rely on Matter Which Was Canceled from the Application and Thus Did Not Get Published in the Issued Patent or Application Publication"},{"id":"pb_jksxkaz6","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e202444\">Canceled matter in the application file of a U.S. patent or application publication cannot be relied upon in a rejection under <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_315\">35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)</a></b> or <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)</a></b>. <i>Ex Parte Stalego,</i> 154 USPQ 52, 53 (Bd. App. 1966). The canceled matter only becomes available as prior art as of the date the application file history becomes available to the public. <i>In re Lund,</i> 376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967). However, as discussed below, such matter may be available as prior art under <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_315\">35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1)</a></b> or <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395\">pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)</a></b>. For more information on available prior art for use in <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)</a></b> rejections, see <b><a href=\"s2136.html#d0e205829\">MPEP §2136.02</a></b>. For more information on available prior art for use in <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_315\">35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)</a></b> rejections, see <b><a href=\"s2154.html#ch2100_d20033_274f5_338\">MPEP § 2154</a></b><i>et seq.</i></p>","rendered_text_plain":"Canceled matter in the application file of a U.S. patent or application publication cannot be relied upon in a rejection under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e). Ex Parte Stalego, 154 USPQ 52, 53 (Bd. App. 1966). The canceled matter only becomes available as prior art as of the date the application file history becomes available to the public. In re Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967). However, as discussed below, such matter may be available as prior art under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b). For more information on available prior art for use in pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) rejections, see MPEP §2136.02. For more information on available prior art for use in 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) rejections, see MPEP § 2154et seq.","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202444","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_jksxkaz6","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"cs_3lluc2xw","node_type":"case","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"Ex parte Stalego, 154 USPQ 52 (Bd. App. 1966)","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"short_name":"Ex parte Stalego","canonical_citation":"Ex parte Stalego, 154 USPQ 52 (Bd. App. 1966)","all_citations":["154 USPQ 52"],"decision_year":1966,"court":"BPAI","holding_summary":null,"holding_reviewer":null,"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/cs_3lluc2xw","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_pdgrk3er","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"102","subsection_path":["a","1"],"canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_pdgrk3er","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_vijcfo7q","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"102","subsection_path":["b"],"canonical_citation":"pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_vijcfo7q","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"pb_rsice6yu","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b><i>B.</i></b><b><i> A 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b) Rejection Over a\n                           Published Application May Rely on Information that Was Canceled Prior to\n                           Publication</i></b>","rendered_text_plain":"B. A 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b) Rejection Over a Published Application May Rely on Information that Was Canceled Prior to Publication","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.7","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_rsice6yu","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"B. A 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b) Rejection Over a Published Application May Rely on Information that Was Canceled Prior to Publication"},{"id":"pb_diushwfu","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e202466\">Figures that had been canceled from a Canadian patent application before issuance of the patent were available as prior art under <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)</a></b> as of the date the application became publicly accessible. The patent at issue and its underlying application were available for public inspection at the Canadian Patent Office more than one year before the effective filing date of the claimed inventions in the patents in suit. <i>Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc.,</i> 445 F.3d 1374, 78 USPQ2d 1684 (Fed. Cir. 2006).</p>","rendered_text_plain":"Figures that had been canceled from a Canadian patent application before issuance of the patent were available as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b) as of the date the application became publicly accessible. The patent at issue and its underlying application were available for public inspection at the Canadian Patent Office more than one year before the effective filing date of the claimed inventions in the patents in suit. Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc., 445 F.3d 1374, 78 USPQ2d 1684 (Fed. Cir. 2006).","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202466","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_diushwfu","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"cs_ecdiwxdq","node_type":"case","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc., 445 F.3d 1374, 78 USPQ2d 1684 (Fed. Cir. 2006)","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"short_name":"Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc.","canonical_citation":"Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc., 445 F.3d 1374, 78 USPQ2d 1684 (Fed. Cir. 2006)","all_citations":["445 F.3d 1374","78 USPQ2d 1684"],"decision_year":2006,"court":"Fed. Cir.","holding_summary":null,"holding_reviewer":null,"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/cs_ecdiwxdq","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"pb_gcoue43a","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b>III.</b><b> FOREIGN APPLICATIONS OPEN FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION (LAID OPEN APPLICATIONS) </b>","rendered_text_plain":"III. FOREIGN APPLICATIONS OPEN FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION (LAID OPEN APPLICATIONS)","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.9","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_gcoue43a","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"III. FOREIGN APPLICATIONS OPEN FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION (LAID OPEN APPLICATIONS)"},{"id":"pb_xa74r7te","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b>Laid Open Applications May Constitute “Published” Documents</b>","rendered_text_plain":"Laid Open Applications May Constitute “Published” Documents","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.11","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_xa74r7te","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"Laid Open Applications May Constitute “Published” Documents"},{"id":"pb_yshb6fm4","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e202483\">When the specification is not issued in printed form but is announced in an official journal and anyone can inspect or obtain copies, it is sufficiently accessible to the public to constitute a “publication” within the meaning of <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_307\">35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1)</a></b> or <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and (b)</a></b>. See <i> In re Wyer,</i> 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981). </p>","rendered_text_plain":"When the specification is not issued in printed form but is announced in an official journal and anyone can inspect or obtain copies, it is sufficiently accessible to the public to constitute a “publication” within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and (b). See In re Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981).","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202483","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_yshb6fm4","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_pspl3c2x","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"102","subsection_path":["a"],"canonical_citation":"pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_pspl3c2x","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"cs_gkkxjahm","node_type":"case","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"In re Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981)","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"short_name":"In re Wyer","canonical_citation":"In re Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981)","all_citations":["655 F.2d 221","210 USPQ 790"],"decision_year":1981,"court":"CCPA","holding_summary":null,"holding_reviewer":null,"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/cs_gkkxjahm","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"pb_2leh4r36","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e202492\">One board decision, however, has held that laid open patent applications are not “published” and cannot constitute prior art. <i>Ex parte\n                           Haller,</i> 103 USPQ 332 (Bd. App. 1953). Whether or not a document is “published” for the purposes of <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">35 U.S.C. 102</a></b> and <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302450\">35 U.S.C. 103</a></b> depends on how accessible the document is to the public. As technology has made reproduction of documents easier, the accessibility of the laid open applications has increased. Items provided in easily reproducible form have thus become “printed publications” as the phrase is used in <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">35 U.S.C. 102</a></b>. <i>In re</i><i>Wyer,</i> 655 F.2d 221, 226, 210 USPQ 790, 794 (CCPA 1981) (Laid open Australian patent application held to be a “printed publication” even though only the abstract was published because it was laid open for public inspection, microfilmed, “diazo copies” were distributed to five suboffices having suitable reproduction equipment and the diazo copies were available for sale.). The contents of a foreign patent application should not be relied upon as prior art until the date of publication (i.e., the insertion into the laid open application) can be confirmed by an examiner’s review of a copy of the document. See <b><a href=\"s901.html#d0e110750\">MPEP § 901.05</a></b>.</p>","rendered_text_plain":"One board decision, however, has held that laid open patent applications are not “published” and cannot constitute prior art. Ex parte Haller, 103 USPQ 332 (Bd. App. 1953). Whether or not a document is “published” for the purposes of 35 U.S.C. 102 and 35 U.S.C. 103 depends on how accessible the document is to the public. As technology has made reproduction of documents easier, the accessibility of the laid open applications has increased. Items provided in easily reproducible form have thus become “printed publications” as the phrase is used in 35 U.S.C. 102. In reWyer, 655 F.2d 221, 226, 210 USPQ 790, 794 (CCPA 1981) (Laid open Australian patent application held to be a “printed publication” even though only the abstract was published because it was laid open for public inspection, microfilmed, “diazo copies” were distributed to five suboffices having suitable reproduction equipment and the diazo copies were available for sale.). The contents of a foreign patent application should not be relied upon as prior art until the date of publication (i.e., the insertion into the laid open application) can be confirmed by an examiner’s review of a copy of the document. See MPEP § 901.05.","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202492","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_2leh4r36","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"cs_fdadkf4z","node_type":"case","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"Ex parte Haller, 103 USPQ 332 (Bd. App. 1953)","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"short_name":"Ex parte Haller","canonical_citation":"Ex parte Haller, 103 USPQ 332 (Bd. App. 1953)","all_citations":["103 USPQ 332"],"decision_year":1953,"court":"BPAI","holding_summary":null,"holding_reviewer":null,"corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/cs_fdadkf4z","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_m3zykgcy","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"102","subsection_path":[],"canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 102","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_m3zykgcy","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_tcymvzf5","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"103","subsection_path":[],"canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 103","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_tcymvzf5","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"pb_c2frvbwo","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<b>IV.</b><b> PENDING U.S. APPLICATIONS</b>","rendered_text_plain":"IV. PENDING U.S. APPLICATIONS","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202374/b.12","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"informal_heading","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_c2frvbwo","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null},"heading_level":2,"heading_text":"IV. PENDING U.S. APPLICATIONS"},{"id":"pb_z2n46mrz","node_type":"prose_block","rendered_text_html":"<p id=\"d0e202520\">As specified in <b><a href=\"mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e314245\">37 CFR 1.14(a)</a></b>, all pending U.S. patent applications are preserved in confidence except for published applications (see also <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303063\">35 U.S.C. 122(b)</a></b>), reissue applications, and applications in which a request to open the complete application to inspection by the public has been granted by the Office (<b><a href=\"mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e314104\">37 CFR 1.11(b)</a></b>). However, if an application that has not been published has an assignee or at least one inventor in common with the application being examined, a rejection will be proper in some circumstances. For instance, when the claims between the two applications are not independent or distinct, a provisional double patenting rejection is made. See <b><a href=\"s804.html#d0e98894\">MPEP § 804</a></b>. If the copending applications differ by at least one joint inventor and at least one of the applications would have been obvious in view of the other, a provisional rejection over <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_315\">35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)</a></b> or <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383\">pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)</a></b> or <b><a href=\"mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302450\">35 U.S.C. 103</a></b> is made when appropriate. See <b><a href=\"s2136.html#d0e205680\">MPEP §§ 2136.01</a></b>, <b><a href=\"s2146.html#ch2100_d2c184_12851_21a\">2146.03(a)</a></b> and <b><a href=\"s2154.html#ch2100_d2c184_139ba_236\">2154.01(d)</a></b>.</p>","rendered_text_plain":"As specified in 37 CFR 1.14(a), all pending U.S. patent applications are preserved in confidence except for published applications (see also 35 U.S.C. 122(b)), reissue applications, and applications in which a request to open the complete application to inspection by the public has been granted by the Office (37 CFR 1.11(b)). However, if an application that has not been published has an assignee or at least one inventor in common with the application being examined, a rejection will be proper in some circumstances. For instance, when the claims between the two applications are not independent or distinct, a provisional double patenting rejection is made. See MPEP § 804. If the copending applications differ by at least one joint inventor and at least one of the applications would have been obvious in view of the other, a provisional rejection over 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) or 35 U.S.C. 103 is made when appropriate. See MPEP §§ 2136.01, 2146.03(a) and 2154.01(d).","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"d0e202520","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"kind":"narrative","host_section_id":"se_yqsccc7u","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/pb_z2n46mrz","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_jm7sbuom","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_cfr","authority_title_num":"37","authority_section_num":"1.14","subsection_path":["a"],"canonical_citation":"37 CFR 1.14(a)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_jm7sbuom","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_gfx4npqa","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_usc","authority_title_num":"35","authority_section_num":"122","subsection_path":["b"],"canonical_citation":"35 U.S.C. 122(b)","corpus_id":"mpep-e9r01-2024-html","opaque_url":"https://mpep.io/n/st_gfx4npqa","effective_range":{"start_revision":"R-01.2024","end_revision":null}},{"id":"st_fqwzzdei","node_type":"statute","rendered_text_html":"","rendered_text_plain":"","provenance":{"source_file":"s2127.html","source_anchor":"","source_sha256":"13d37bee9e9a8de1cbccb0a0a1c7673b2333c560416f8350a64d7fc0de7a51a1"},"authority":"us_cfr","authority_title_num":"37","authority_section_num":"1.11","subsection_path":["b"],"canonical_citation":"37 CFR 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